Multi-angle overall planning and promotion of coal to gas in the northern region

Multi-angle overall planning and promotion of coal to gas in the northern region

The implementation of "coal-to-gas" is an important measure to effectively implement the tasks of clean heating in winter in the northern region. It also has multiple target positioning such as advancing the energy revolution, helping to tackle pollution prevention and control, and promoting rural revitalization. Adhering to the principles of “if gas is suitable for gas", “first stand and then break", and “reform by gas", the northern region has actively promoted the “coal to gas" project in areas covered by the natural gas pipeline network on the basis of strict implementation of contracted resources. Promote the improvement of atmospheric environmental quality and high-quality economic and social development.

　　 Since the implementation of clean heating, the number of heavily polluted days in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas has decreased significantly, the concentration of major pollutants has decreased significantly, and the number of days with severe or above pollution in the region has dropped by 36%. However, there is still a way to go before the "coal to gas" transformation can truly achieve the expected goals.

　　 still faces many challenges

　　 First, changes in fiscal subsidies will affect the effect of policy implementation. The central and local governments have invested a large amount of financial subsidy funds in the construction of the "coal-to-gas" project, the purchase of gas equipment, and the price of gas. The funds mainly come from the central subsidy funds of the pilot cities for clean heating in winter in the northern region, and the central financial air pollution Special funds for prevention and treatment and local financial subsidies. According to statistics, in 2018, local governments in “2+26" cities invested 26.528 billion yuan (including provincial subsidies), which was 2.04 times the central government's funds. The sustainability of future fiscal subsidies and whether the subsidy standards are adjusted will have an important impact on the "coal to gas" work.

　　 The second is that the rapid advancement of "coal to gas" is testing the ability to guarantee gas sources. In 2018, my country's external dependence on natural gas was as high as 45.3%. Due to the uncertainty of upstream production and supply, the continuous advancement of "coal to gas" is bound to continue to increase the dependence on natural gas, which will increase energy security risks. To this end, my country is actively improving the capacity of natural gas storage peak shaving, but the overall progress is relatively lagging. At present, the working gas volume of underground gas storage accounts for only 3% of the national natural gas consumption, which is far below the international average of more than 10%. The turnover of LNG is less than 10%. Japan and South Korea, as major LNG importers, average 15%. about. The progress of the construction of local gas storage facilities is not optimistic, which is lower than the progress expected. According to the requirements, the local government must undertake the gas storage emergency capacity construction target of 3 days and the urban gas enterprise to undertake the sales volume of 5%. In 2019, the two rounds of special supervision on the construction of natural gas production, supply, storage and marketing system jointly carried out by multiple ministries and commissions show that the city Gas companies are under too much financial pressure to undertake the task of building gas storage peak shaving capacity, and their investment enthusiasm is low. The gas supply capability is facing severe tests.

　　 Third, there are still hidden dangers of gas heating safety in rural areas. Natural gas is mainly used in large-scale cities in my country, and there is still a lack of relevant experience in rural areas. The design, construction, and operation of the rural “coal-to-gas" project are based on the Urban Gas Design Code and Urban Gas Management Regulations. However, houses in rural areas are relatively scattered, with large differences in house structure, and lack of infrastructure such as water and electricity. Uniform standards and non-compliance of fire protection in buildings will bring greater difficulties to the laying of gas pipelines and standardized installation of gas facilities, which will bring a series of potential safety hazards.

　　Fourth, the after-sales service guarantee system has yet to be improved. On the one hand, in terms of post-maintenance, in terms of safety inspections, emergency repairs, equipment replacement and other links, according to research findings, there are currently problems in rural areas such as untimely services, unreasonable charges, and uneven maintenance levels. On the other hand, according to research findings, clean heating renovation in rural areas is promoted by the government. When there are problems with safety and maintenance, farmers are generally used to report to the government instead of contacting equipment dealers directly. This will not only increase the workload of the government, but also affect the cleaning and heating experience of farmers because the problem is not resolved in time, thereby reducing farmers' enthusiasm for cleaning and heating.

　　 Fifth, the publicity and education of farmers are not in place. On the one hand, the training of household gas safety for farmers is not in place, the knowledge of safety protection and emergency handling methods after gas leakage is not comprehensive enough, the allocation of personnel and funds in rural areas by urban gas companies is weak, and the investment in publicity is insufficient. On the other hand, local governments and gas companies are still weak in the analysis of safety accidents in the industry, warning education activities, etc., especially rural farmers' awareness of dangers needs to be improved. So what efforts should be made to promote "coal to gas"?

　　 Combining actual work to advance various tasks

　　 One is a reasonable choice of transformation methods. Comprehensive consideration of resource conditions, economic efficiency, technical safety, environmental benefits and policy support, and other factors, scientifically determine the clean heating technology route, where electricity is suitable, gas is suitable, coal is suitable, coal is suitable, and heat is suitable. In areas with sufficient gas sources and conditions, natural gas heating should be developed according to local conditions; in urban and rural areas, through the extension of urban natural gas pipeline network, compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas point-to-point gasification equipment, installation of gas boiler rooms, gas wall-hung boilers, etc.; in rural areas Areas, according to the level of rural economic development and farmers’ consumption capacity, gas wall-hung boilers should be promoted in an orderly manner; for areas that do not have the conditions for laying gas pipe networks, such as mountainous areas or remote suburbs, other cleaning methods such as "coal to electricity" and dispersed biomass can be adopted. Way of heating.

　　 The second is to establish a multi-departmental collaboration mechanism and reward and punishment management system. The “coal-to-gas" work involves many aspects such as energy, environmental protection, and construction. It is necessary to establish a multi-departmental linkage mechanism. Development and reform, energy, housing construction, finance, environmental protection, land, finance and other departments perform their duties in concert to promote energy supply, Financial support, safety guarantee, environmental protection supervision, project land and other clean and heating related work. It is necessary to promote inter-ministerial consultations, information sharing and early warning mechanisms, set up a "coal-to-gas" coordination group, enhance inter-departmental coordination and communication, and avoid independent governance. In addition, it is necessary to formulate a task division plan and reward and punishment system, clarify the responsible person, organize regular supervision and inspection, and vigorously promote the "coal to gas" work.

　　 The third is to strengthen safety supervision and after-sales protection. In terms of safety supervision, a management office has been established, related management systems and plans have been formulated, and work responsibilities have been clarified; there are still policy gaps in natural gas operations, maintenance, and renovation in rural areas. It is possible to issue as soon as possible relevant policies for the use of natural gas in rural areas, unify technical standards and safety regulations, strictly control the quality of the project, and do a good job in material procurement, equipment testing, construction supervision, assessment and acceptance, etc., to ensure the construction, operation and maintenance of rural natural gas Safety throughout the process. At the same time, establish regular inspections, safety coordination and other supervision systems, strengthen the construction of civil air defense technical defense capabilities, and strengthen grid management. Interconnected and interlocked. In terms of after-sales guarantee, we can learn from the “gas workers" system of Dachang Hui Autonomous County, hire local farmers for training, and establish a gas management team. It not only increased local employment opportunities, but also solved the problems encountered by farmers in the process of using gas equipment in a timely manner, ensuring the sustainable promotion of "coal to gas". At the same time, improve the quality of customer service inspections and solve various problems in a timely manner. For special groups such as the elderly, humane services and measures are implemented.

　　Fourth is to improve the sustainable bonus policy and investment and financing model. Conduct performance evaluations on the effects of central government subsidies and local government subsidies to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of central and provincial financial subsidies. Research and formulate differentiated heating subsidy policies for low-income groups and farmers in deep mountainous areas with a heavier heating burden. Accelerate the reform of natural gas marketization, encourage local governments, financial institutions, and city gas companies to innovate cooperation mechanisms, increase financing support for "coal-to-gas", effectively reduce heating costs, and ensure the continuous progress of "coal-to-gas" work.

　　 The fifth is to adopt multiple measures to improve the gas supply guarantee capability. First, build a diversified system of imported gas sources. Strengthen international cooperation, establish an intergovernmental cooperation framework through diplomatic means, promote diversification of trade methods, and optimize sources and channels of imported natural gas. Second, expand the types of gas sources. Comprehensive utilization of pipeline gas, liquefied natural gas, compressed natural gas, unconventional natural gas and coal-bed methane and other gas sources to form multi-source supply, and promote local gas companies to increase supply channels. Third, research and formulate differentiated gas storage peak shaving facility policies. In some areas where the seasonal natural gas peak-valley difference is small, you can consider setting up differentiated gas storage emergency capacity building goals. Local gas companies with a relatively high proportion of people’s livelihood gas supply can implement preferential policies to reduce the excessive funds of related companies pressure. Finally, speed up the construction of gas storage and peak shaving facilities. Strengthen the construction of reserves, through multi-pronged methods such as underground gas storage, gas fields, and liquefied natural gas, to ensure that local governments and gas companies complete the emergency gas storage capacity construction target by 2020.