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Semiconductor refrigerator refers to a device that uses the thermo-electric effect of semiconductor to produce cooling capacity, also known as thermoelectric refrigerator. Connect two different metals with conductors, and connect direct current, then the temperature at one contact will decrease and the temperature at the other contact will increase.
If the power is reversed, the temperature at the contact will change inversely. This phenomenon is called the Peltier effect, also known as the thermo-electric effect. The thermoelectric effect of pure metals is very small. If an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor are used instead of metals, the effect is much greater. After the power is turned on, an electron hole pair is generated near the upper contact, the internal energy decreases, the temperature decreases, and the heat is absorbed to the outside, which is called the cold junction. At the other end, due to the recombination of electron holes, the internal energy increases, the temperature rises, and the heat is released to the environment, which is called the hot end. The temperature difference and cooling capacity of a pair of semiconductor thermoelectric elements are very small. The practical semiconductor refrigerator is composed of many pairs of thermoelectric elements connected in parallel and series, also known as thermopile. A single-stage thermopile can obtain a temperature difference of about 60°C, that is, the temperature at the cold end can reach -10～-20°C. Increasing the number of thermopile stages can increase the temperature difference between the two ends. However, the number of levels should not be excessive, generally 2 to 3 levels.
Compressor refrigeration
Refrigeration compressor is the core and heart of the refrigeration system. The capacity and characteristics of the compressor lead to the capacity and characteristics of the refrigeration system. In a sense, the design and matching of the refrigeration system is to reflect the capacity of the compressor. Therefore, the refrigeration industry of all countries in the world has invested a lot of energy in the research of refrigeration compressors, and new research directions and research results are constantly emerging. The technology and performance levels of compressors are changing rapidly. There are many types of compressors. According to different working principles, refrigeration compressors can be divided into fixed displacement compressors and variable displacement compressors.
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Refrigerating compressor In the vapor compression refrigeration system, the refrigerant is raised from low pressure to high pressure, and the refrigerant is continuously circulated, so that the system continuously discharges the internal heat to the environment above the system temperature. The refrigeration compressor is the heart of the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system inputs electrical energy through the compressor, thereby discharging heat from a low-temperature environment to a high-temperature environment. The energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration compressor determines the energy efficiency ratio of the entire refrigeration system. Since the ambient temperature changes frequently, the compressor is under partial load most of the time, so the compressor must have energy regulation.
Which is better, semiconductor refrigeration and compressor refrigeration
Electronic semiconductor refrigeration circuit is simple, the overall structure is small, the refrigeration efficiency is high, the speed is fast, no noise, no pollution, long life, but the cost is high. Compressor cooling is the opposite. Semiconductor refrigeration can be done in a teacup, but compressor refrigeration cannot. Compressor refrigeration can be as large as cold storage, central air conditioning, and semiconductor refrigeration can also be achieved, but the cost is alarming, and it is currently not realistic. The cost of semiconductor refrigeration is close to proportional to the cooling power, but compressor refrigeration is not. If you are a consumer, it is recommended to purchase a water cooler for semiconductor refrigeration. If you are a manufacturer, for drinking fountains, the cost of the two is similar. Decide according to your needs.