Where is the safety boundary of cold chain logistics what are the risks How to ensure safety

Where is the safety boundary of cold chain logistics what are the risks How to ensure safety

Following the detection of the new crown virus from the cutting board of imported salmon in Beijing Xinfadi Market, the topic of how the virus is transmitted has become a focus.

On the evening of June 16, Beijing held the 120th regular press conference on epidemic prevention and control. At the meeting, Shi Guoqing, deputy director of the Emergency Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and an expert from the National Health Commission expert group, notified that there is no evidence to show that Salmon is the host or intermediate host of the new coronavirus. In the contaminated local sites related to the newly-occurring epidemic, the salmon was indeed found to be contaminated through testing, but the salmon before entering the contaminated site was not detected with the new crown pneumonia virus.

According to the People’s Daily on June 15, Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist at the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the positive detection of the virus on the salmon cutting board does not explain too much. The virus may come from pollution, such as contamination of other items, including staff. Or the infected person talking in front of the chopping board or spraying droplets during transactions may cause contamination of the chopping board. Therefore, salmon cannot be said to be the source of transmission. There is no direct evidence in this regard.

　　 Wu Zunyou also said that the investigation on the source is underway. The preliminary results of the investigation show that it certainly did not occur in the original place in Beijing, but was introduced from other places. The two possible introductions are under investigation. From the point of view of the composition of the virus, this virus is not like the virus strain that had cases in Beijing two months ago, but more like European ones, but the European ones do not mean that they come from European countries. The European concept is broad, including the need to talk to the American virus. For the analysis of the virus strains, most of the cases are from Europe, and most of the cases in Russia are also from Europe. That is to say, the test results of our laboratory show that the virus strains originated in Europe. They may come from European countries, or they may come from American countries, or they may come from Russia. , And further information collected to help judge.

　　 As of press time, there is no further authoritative information about the source and the way of transmission of the virus.

Since the virus did not rule out the possibility of spreading through the cold chain transportation of salmon, the reporter interviewed a number of industry experts and learned about the specific safety measures of a number of fresh food e-commerce and supermarkets in order to improve the safety of cold chain logistics. The topic is discussed in depth.

　　 Many fresh food e-commerce companies and supermarkets responded

　　 All major fresh food e-commerce, supermarkets, and related supply chain companies have emphasized the importance of traceability of products, testing before shelves, and epidemic prevention measures to The Paper.

　　 JD.com said that it insists on direct procurement from the source, direct delivery from the manufacturer, and direct delivery from the origin. At present, all fresh products are purchased from formal channels, and the quarantine procedures are 100% complete. In addition, we will continue to conduct strict health inspections on warehouses and staff in the warehouses and conduct adequate disinfection. At the same time, we will comprehensively strengthen epidemic prevention measures in offline stores, and do a good job in store temperature measurement and control of the number of people in the store.

　　 Dingdong Shopping said that in the Beijing area, salmon chilled and frozen related products have been urgently offline, and an emergency notification has been issued to all staff to investigate risk points and upgrade the Beijing main warehouse and front warehouse to the highest epidemic prevention level. The platform also emphasizes the insistence on direct sourcing from the place of origin, and comprehensive quality control of fresh products from production, procurement, sorting center, processing, pre-warehouse, inspection, and sorting. For example, in a self-built testing laboratory, all fresh products on the line undergo at least three safety tests, including multiple tests for pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, and metal content. In aquatic products, there are also independent laboratories for normal operation testing. “We strictly follow the principle of one-vote veto system for fresh product safety. We will count out suppliers whose points are abnormally deducted within a week every week. We will make appointments to the general warehouse interview room for interviews and give a deadline for improvement. When the deadline is reached, the improvement will not meet the standard. Suppliers can be disqualified directly."

　　 In terms of daily freshness, chilled salmon and frozen related products were urgently offline on June 12. "The meat, eggs, milk and most of the fruit and vegetable ingredients sold on the Daily Youxian platform are directly supplied by the manufacturers. All commodities are purchased from formal channels, with quarantine monitoring certificates, and 100% batches of fresh food are tested. In the entire logistics chain In terms of anti-epidemic work, the front warehouse, delivery boxes, and delivery vehicles are disinfected twice a day, and the delivery staff strictly wear masks, gloves, and conduct temperature checks." A person from Daily Fresh said.

　　 Hema said that it will actively support and cooperate with the regulations and requirements of relevant departments in Beijing, operate smoothly, and serve the people's livelihood.

　　 In addition, supermarkets such as Yonghui Supermarket, Carrefour, Metro and other supermarkets also stated that they have strict traceability systems, and batches of products will be put on the shelves after inspection and quarantine. Sample inspections will also be carried out during the daily sales process.

　　 Suning Carrefour Chief Operating Officer Zhang Qizhe said that Carrefour sells pork, beef, mutton and seafood products from well-known domestic brands and suppliers. “All products have inspection and quarantine certificates and relevant certificates of conformity, and the source of origin can be traced." At the same time, Carrefour’s food safety laboratory cooperates with a third-party testing company to conduct daily sampling tests on the meat, vegetables and fruits sold to ensure food safety.

　　 Yonghui Supermarket has established a big data platform food safety cloud network, covering the food safety inspection center system, the traceability system of agricultural products base and corporate data.

　　 Metro said that since June 13, the customs has added nucleic acid testing items in inspections to detect the new crown virus in Hong Kong commodities. Take Metro’s chilled fish products as an example. Its transportation, storage, reception and sales links adopt professional and strict cold chain transportation standards, and the whole process is cold chain to avoid bacterial growth due to temperature rise. In addition, Metro said that the company has strict temperature monitoring. It will download and check the monitoring data when receiving the goods in the distribution center and the mall, and conduct a full-scale acceptance of the means of transportation, packaging, and quarantine. Only after passing the acceptance can the product be allowed to enter the mall. Precise temperature control will be implemented in the fresh food section of the mall, and inspections will be performed 3 times a day to ensure food safety.

Supply chain logistics digital service operator Yiliu responded that, in terms of preventing the spread of the virus, Yiliu has launched a portable cold chain monitoring device E6 Vanguard. This device has wireless communication capabilities and can be placed in a carriage or cargo box. Track the entire transportation process, with multiple environmental monitoring capabilities such as positioning, temperature, humidity, light, and vibration. "When the vanguard is in a dark refrigerated compartment or cargo box, we think it is in a normal state, and when the door or cargo box cover is opened, the light monitoring is triggered by the light, and the temperature will likely change at this time. , The platform will judge it as an abnormal event. At this time, we can verify the identity of the person contacting the goods offline, thus largely avoiding virus contamination of fresh goods."

　　 Fresh food e-commerce supply chain may be at risk

　　 Fresh food e-commerce accounts for the market share of cold chain logistics that cannot be underestimated.

　　According to the public report of Huachuang Securities in April this year, the current cold chain logistics market serving fresh food e-commerce is roughly around 80 billion, accounting for about a quarter of the overall scale of cold chain logistics. According to the industry’s prevailing 25% of logistics costs, it is estimated that by 2022, the increase in the scale of cold chain logistics brought about by the development of the fresh food e-commerce industry is expected to reach 100 billion, and the overall level will reach 200 billion.

However, the head of the cold chain intelligent control division of Shenzhen Yiliu Technology Co., Ltd., a strategic partner of Cainiao, admitted in an interview with The Paper that although under the influence of the epidemic, fresh food e-commerce and quick-frozen food have an impact on cold chain logistics. The resulting demand is very large, and the growth rate is also very obvious, but the biggest problem brought about by high-speed growth is that the management level of the fresh food e-commerce supply chain is still relatively low. The deep reason is that the main body involved in the supply chain is relatively scattered . First, the supply sources of agricultural products are relatively scattered, and secondly, the circulation links are complicated, and the circulation subjects are also relatively scattered. Finally, because of the door-to-door delivery, the consumer side is also very scattered, which brings great difficulty to the management of the supply chain.

　　 Yiliu is China's leading supply chain logistics digital service operator. It currently serves more than 70 cold chain enterprises in the country. The number of digital (IoT) connected cold transport vehicles accounts for more than 30% of the total number of vehicles in the country, occupying a dominant market position.

　　 The above-mentioned person in charge also mentioned that there is still a problem in the fresh food e-commerce supply chain, that is, the level of digitization in the circulation link from the place of production to the consumer is relatively low, and the digitization of the entire supply chain has not been formed. At present, the industry is still in the initial stage of digital transformation, and there are serious island effects. For example, the data of the agricultural Internet of Things cannot be connected with the warehouse management system (WMS), and the data of the warehouse management system and the transportation management system (TMS) cannot be connected. There is no way to manage the quality of the whole life cycle of fresh produce.

　　The problem lies in the possibility of cold chain logistics

Tracy, a cold chain expert from Shenzhen Fresh Cold Chain and Urban Logistics Association, said in an interview with The Paper that the fresh cold chain is generally divided into frozen meat and poultry aquatic products, chilled meat and poultry aquatic products, and milk according to major categories. Products, fruits and vegetables, and fresh aquatic products all have different temperature requirements. For example, frozen aquatic products go through fishing, freezing, storage, transportation, processing, packaging, transportation, or over-selling by distributors or processing in restaurants from the place of origin to the table. The above process will be adjusted according to the processing of the place of origin or the processing of consumption. However, the entire cold chain should be below 18 degrees, and the cold chain requirements for advanced seafood may be below -45 degrees.

　　 He said that in each of the above links, there may be the possibility of chain disconnection and contamination, and the links involved and the personnel, equipment and facilities in contact with seafood may also be sources of pollution. In the previous inspection and quarantine, the new crown virus was not considered as a regular inspection item. Therefore, in the above links, such as the equipment, facilities and personnel in the fishing and processing links of the production area, the daily compliance of the equipment and facilities disinfection, the health protection and certification of the employees; if it is an imported product , Customs inspection and quarantine requires special attention. Before entering the supermarket, special testing is also required.

"The above is a special protection for the new crown. But fundamentally, it also needs full-process cold chain monitoring and early warning of temperature loss. The current data acquisition system and data management cloud platform of the temperature sensor of the Internet of Things can achieve full-link monitoring, from storage From processing to transportation and distribution to the supermarket counter. I hope that the industry can use new technologies such as the Internet of Things, the Internet, big data, AI, and cloud as the standard for industry standard management, so that the supervisable standards can be implemented." Said.

　　Zhao Xiaomin, a cold chain logistics expert, also said that if the salmon comes from Europe and crosses the ocean, there will be problems in one of the links. "In fact, whether there is any problem with this product, it is the most important thing before operation, because if it reaches the standard before operation, it can be traced once it reaches the transportation link."

He believes that for this incident, in terms of cold chain logistics, the first step must be to clarify where the salmon comes from; the second step is to clarify how the salmon is transported in the middle, and whether it is transported in strict accordance with the cold chain standards; the third step is to clarify how to hand over after landing . "I think there may be problems in every link. Although the virus problem is more complicated now, we still need to investigate it because there may be blind spots in the transportation link. If the salmon is from Europe, there are too many transfers due to the road, which If the link is not operated in accordance with professional standards, there may be risks. For example, there may be human problems, or there may be problems in animal inspection."

The person in charge of the cold chain intelligent control division of Yiliu believes that according to the current public information, the probability of the virus spreading through the cold chain logistics is relatively large, especially the new coronavirus has the characteristics of low temperature, and the cold storage environment has prolonged the life of the virus. . "In the cold chain transportation process, in addition to the loading and unloading porters at the shipping and receiving ends, which may spread the virus, the carriage is generally closed during transportation, and there will be no chance of spreading the virus. However, the situation of multiple unloading should also be considered. If it is LTL transportation instead of whole truck transportation, then the loading and unloading activities that existed before the Xinfadi market may also spread the virus."

　　How to ensure safety in cold chain logistics

　　 However, it should be noted that there are still safety risks in the cold chain transportation link.

　　 Zhao Xiaomin said that the pre-cooling link in the cold chain process of fresh packaging, that is, the link after the product is produced and then transferred to the transit transportation, has too many historical debts. He revealed that the pre-cooling rate in the United States is more than 90%, Japan is more than 70%, and China is only about 20%. This also leads to a relatively high mortality rate for fresh products in China, which is prone to corruption and deterioration. While causing commercial losses, What's more, it will lead to the occurrence of infectious diseases.

　　 The person in charge of the above-mentioned Yiliu cold chain intelligent control business unit stated that the current cargo damage rate of the domestic fresh product circulation process is roughly 20-25%, and the foreign level is about 5%. The main cause of cargo damage is corruption caused by over-temperature. It should be noted that the cold chain circulation rate of fruits, vegetables, meat, and aquatic products in China, that is, the proportion of cold chain logistics used in the logistics process, are 22%, 34%, and 41%, respectively, and the refrigerated transportation rate is 35%, 57%, 69%, most fresh products are still circulating at room temperature. In developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan, the refrigerated transportation rate of perishable food has exceeded 90%, and the cold chain circulation rate is as high as 95% to 98%.

At the same time, developed countries put post-production storage, processing and preservation at the top of agriculture. For example, 30% of the total agricultural investment in the United States is used for production and 70% for deep processing and preservation; the industrialization rate of agricultural and sideline products in Italy and the Netherlands is 60%. %, while Japan is greater than 70%. The ratio of postpartum output value to natural output value is 3.7:1 in the United States, 2.2:1 in Japan, and only 0.38:1 in my country. A large number of primary agricultural products enter the market almost without treatment, and the loss rate is quite high.

　　 How to ensure the safety of such fresh cold chain logistics?

Zhao Xiaomin said that first, the inspection standards must be strictly met when picking; secondly, the pre-cooling, grading, packaging, storage, and operation procedures must be strictly operated in accordance with the standards; if the previous standards are strictly followed, the probability of problems in the delivery link is Will reduce, "According to the logistics of transportation logic, in this process, the probability of infection is the lowest. So the previous steps are the key. If you do not grasp it strictly, all the following links will fail."

　　 The head of Yiliu Cold Chain Intelligent Control Division mentioned traceability. He said that the traceability of cold chain logistics is based on digitalization. Without IoT technology to control the logistics process, traceability is impossible. "Objectively speaking, the overall level of digitalization of the cold chain industry is still relatively low, so traceability, especially the traceability of the entire chain, has not yet been popularized. This is more important to all sectors of the market."

　　 Analysis of the status quo of cold chain logistics

　　 Zhao Xiaomin said that my country’s cold chain is still in its infancy. Although it has developed rapidly in the past five years, due to excessive historical debts and a weak foundation, the supply of materials such as farmer’s markets, vegetable shops and grain stations is still insecure. "In the field of supermarkets, including the current new business formats, such as JD.com, Daily Youxian, Original Life, Hema, Cainiao, etc. have basically reached the standard. But most people still do not enjoy the services, and this area may require Expansion of financial investment is invested."

　　 Zhao Xiaomin introduced that my country's cold chain logistics is currently under supervision by all parties, but it is impossible to accurately divide who is the first responsible person. In addition, there are still problems such as a large gap with international technology, low industry concentration, incomplete industrial supporting facilities, relatively extensive management systems, and insufficient attention to coordination among all parties. "There are not too many people who want to be voyagers. This really requires a group army.

We believe that some large e-commerce platforms of state-owned enterprises should be encouraged to do so first, so as to form a chain between enterprises and give more space to the market. Even if the price rises to a certain extent, we feel that users are acceptable, after all, safety is above all else. Now cold chain logistics is in the stage of'hodgepodge'. For example, the temperature control temperature of a fruit is different from that of b fruit. This is a very basic link, but in many cases, a foam box is used for transportation. Putting an ice bag in it is called a cold chain, but it's not at all. "

According to the person in charge of Yiliu’s cold chain intelligent control business department, cold chain logistics requires higher fixed asset investment and operating costs than general cargo flow, mainly because the purchase cost of refrigerated trucks is higher (the same specification refrigerated trucks are more expensive than ordinary trucks It is also common to double or more), the cost of operation and maintenance of refrigerating machines is higher, and the fuel cost of refrigeration is higher (fuel consumption is about 50% higher than that of general cargo).

　　 He said that relatively speaking, China's cold chain logistics has gradually stepped out of the stage of barbaric growth, and the logistics standards for many subdivided goods have also issued some regulations at the national and local levels. However, the standardization of food cold chain is not yet complete, and there is no national unified, comprehensive cold chain circulation standard covering all categories. There are more regional standards that only target a few types of commodities, and there are still certain differences between regions of similar goods. "But we have to consider that the characteristics of logistics are cross-regional, so it is difficult to define "fully compliant" Cold Chain Logistics."

　　 He said that there is still a lot of room for development in this field, no matter in terms of capital attention, consumer awareness, or the maturity of industry standards, it is not high enough. However, in the past one or two years, the field of cold chain logistics has received more and more attention. Advanced cold chain logistics companies in Europe and the United States have also begun to enter the domestic market. The level of future standards and the leading companies in the field of cold chain logistics will gradually appear.