What issues need to be considered in the construction of logistics warehouse cold storage

What issues need to be considered in the construction of logistics warehouse cold storage

1. Location

Logistics warehouse cold storage is generally built in a location with cheap land price and relatively convenient transportation according to the development of the enterprise. The cold storage should avoid heavy pollution sources. The floor should be flat, flat, hard, and dry. The surface should generally be concrete. The door should be open to the wind direction. The direction of opening the door can be eastward and away from the pollution source. The floor elevation should be higher than the surrounding ground to prevent water from entering the reservoir on rainy days.

　　Convenient transportation and market connection should be considered. The cold storage should be built in a cool place without frequent hot air. The cold storage should have good drainage conditions, the groundwater level should be low, and there should be an insulation compartment under the cold storage, and maintain good ventilation. Keeping dry is very important for the cold storage. In addition, the corresponding three-phase power should be set up in advance according to the power of the refrigerator before the construction of the cold storage.

　　 2. Construction tonnage and area calculation

Generally, high-temperature warehouses mainly store fruit and vegetable foods. Fruit and vegetable goods are packed in cartons. The density of the goods can be about 280-330KG/cubic. The utilization rate of the warehouse can be 0.5-0.6. There are shelves in the warehouse. With such factors as transportation channels and ventilation ducts for refrigeration equipment on the top, the inventory volume can be about 5 cubic meters for one ton of goods. The inventory situation of each library is not necessarily similar. Low-temperature cold storage generally stores poultry meat and seafood. The density of this kind of goods is white meat as an example. It is about 420kg/cubic, and the storage volume coefficient is 0.5-0.6. Therefore, low-temperature cold storage can choose 4 cubic meters to store one ton goods. The above inventory is for reference only, and the actual inventory stacking varies with different goods and packaging stacks.

Regarding the description of the volume coefficient, some goods are stacked full, some do not use shelves, and they are directly stacked in multiple layers of goods, and the stacking method of goods on the goods stacks more goods, but the temperature and pressure of the goods center needs longer Time to reach the required temperature. Its refrigeration equipment will run for a long time. Relatively speaking, it will increase electricity costs. Such as rational use of shelves and storage of goods will save energy and reduce operating electricity costs. For large-scale cold storages, it is recommended to use reasonable shelves, keep good air ducts, and the goods placement and air cooler air ducts can reasonably comply with the air flow. It is easy to realize the average temperature of the warehouse.

　　 Example: 10,000 cubic meters of storage capacity. After the high-temperature storage is built, it can store fruits and vegetables around 10,000*0.6/5=1200 tons.

　　 The above is just theory. In fact, in the cold storage we have done, some small cold storages are very full of goods from the ground to the top during the peak season, and there are few goods in the off-season. Large logistics warehouses plan tonnage based on actual operations.

　　 3. Cold storage structure and main description

　　Currently, most of the construction of the warehouse is based on single-layer steel structure, with steel structure outside, assembled warehouse body, unloading platform, ammonia/fluorine refrigeration system, control system, pipeline connection, etc. to form a cold storage project. Then the refrigeration system piping system control system constitutes a basic cold storage project. After the cold storage is built, shelves, storage trucks, RFID barcode label management system, monitoring system, and other equipment will be added to the inside of the warehouse. Among them, the low-temperature cold storage unloading platform should be set as a low-temperature area, and a low-temperature platform of 0-10 degrees can be built. The multi-layer cold storage is made of brick-concrete and steel structure. The material of the storage body is made up of assembled storage panels, and on-site foam spraying is also used for heat preservation. The modular library board mainly uses polyurethane rigid foam as the insulation material. It has been used in the building insulation field of developed countries such as Europe and the United States since the 1970s. After more than 30 years of popularization and application, polyurethane has become the main material for refrigeration and insulation. . The double-sided color steel plate or stainless steel plate is used, and the eccentric hook is embedded in the plate body. The insulation characteristics of this type of library plate are fast construction period, good insulation performance and strong economic performance. It is the main insulation method in the cold storage project at present. When purchasing polyurethane insulation boards, attention should be paid to the aspects of density, steel plate thickness, flame retardancy, and water absorption.

　　 Fourth, the choice of refrigeration host system

　　 At present, the refrigeration systems built on the market are mainly ammonia and fluorine refrigerants. Although CO2 refrigeration has been available in recent years, relatively speaking, its market application and technology promotion have not yet opened up. The main domestic refrigeration systems are mainly ammonia and fluorine machines. Fluorine has now adopted a green and environmentally friendly refrigerant, which does not destroy the ozone layer, is non-toxic, and does not explode. The comparison between the ammonia refrigeration system and the green environmental protection fluorine refrigeration system can be from the economy, energy saving, safety, degree of automation, system complexity, late expansion, investment and operating costs, construction difficulty and duration, use and maintenance. Compare aspects.