Types and selection criteria of control valves for refrigeration equipment The first thing to know is what is a control valve? A control valve, also known as a control valve, is mainly used in the field of industrial automation process control. Its functi

What you can't miss about refrigeration equipment! ! 1.What are the three necessary conditions for the safe operation of the refrigeration system? 2.(1) The refrigerant pressure in the system must not be abnormally high to avoid equipment rupture. (2) Misoperations such as wet strokes, liquid explosions, and liquid blows may not occur (which may cause) to avoid equipment damage. (3) The moving parts must not be defective or loose fasteners, so as not to damage the machinery. 2. What is the evaporation temperature? The temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator when it boils and vaporizes under a certain pressure is called the evaporation temperature. 7 H $ q, l% (0 r * s2 n) N% X7 E + W 3. What is the condensing temperature? ) x # e6 A0 l5 k $ q! r7 [ The temperature of the gas refrigerant in the condenser that condenses into a liquid under a certain pressure is called the condensing temperature. 7 m 'c9 s1 z1 V &? N- J 4. What is recooling (or supercooling) temperature? , Y / x7 o 'B1 s1 S7 s; Y The condensed liquid refrigerant is cooled to a temperature below the condensing temperature under the condensing pressure, which is called the recooling temperature (or supercooling temperature). 5. What is the intermediate temperature? In the two-stage compression system, the saturation temperature of the refrigerant in the intercooler under the intermediate pressure is called the intermediate temperature. 8 m: F /}: I: f4 Z- X 6. (How to detect and control) the suction temperature of the compressor? $} 5 M! Y7 | 4 F) i. J The suction temperature of the compressor can be measured from the thermometer in front of the suction valve of the compressor. The suction temperature is generally higher than the evaporation temperature. The higher difference depends on the length of the return air pipe and the insulation of the pipeline. It should be 5 to 10 higher than the evaporation temperature. The superheat can be adjusted by changing the liquid supply. 7. (How to detect) the compressor exhaust temperature, (what factors affect the exhaust temperature)? : T. ^; Z X # a) S9 s / j) T The discharge temperature of the compressor can be measured from a thermometer on the discharge line. The exhaust temperature is proportional to the pressure ratio (inhaled and exhausted) and the intake temperature. The higher the intake superheat and the greater the pressure ratio, the higher the exhaust temperature; otherwise the opposite. The general exhaust pressure is slightly higher than the condensing pressure. 8] 'k "? 6 N! M0} $ U 8. What is a tide car (liquid strike)? . w1 i% l0 n3 r9 y4 g The refrigerant fails to absorb heat or evaporates sufficiently, and the refrigerant liquid or wet vapor is sucked into the compressor by the compressor, which is called a tidal vehicle. 9. What can cause tide traffic? (1) The liquid level control of the gas-liquid separator or low-pressure circulation barrel fails, resulting in high liquid. (2) The liquid supply volume is too large, and the liquid supply is too urgent. Throttle internal leakage or excessive opening. 7 y5 E! H% {! F6 L! O (3) There is too much liquid in the evaporator or gas-liquid separator (low-pressure circulation barrel), the heat load is small, and the loading is too fast when starting up. , [. A + v $ K 'A & C8 e! ` (4) The heat load suddenly increased; or the suction valve was not adjusted in time after frosting. & c- [-F 'J5 z:? 2 G8 U $ x 10. What will happen after the tide? 7 {"h" D 'v' h & s' _ For piston machines: (1) The refrigerant enters the compressor, causing a large number of bubbles in the lubricating oil, destroying the oil film on the lubricating surface, and making the oil pressure unstable. (2) Run the moving parts without good lubrication, which will lead to roughening; in severe cases, the Babbitt alloy of the shaft and the main shaft will melt. (3) The refrigerant enters the compressor, causing the cylinder liner to cool and contract sharply, and hug the piston; in severe cases, damage the cylinder liner, piston, connecting rod, and piston pin. / I% e) e0 B / c # I. F2 [ (4) Because the liquid is incompressible, the force of the connecting rod and the piston under the tide car situation is far beyond the design value, which is easy to cause damage; because the liquid is incompressible, the exhaust valve group and the false cover It will be lifted by the impact of the liquid; in severe cases, it will cause the deformation of the safety spring, and even a vicious accident of breaking the body, cylinder head, and puncturing the gasket to hurt the person. j (B1 U. U7 l) `2 o. w For screw machine: tide car will cause vibration, increase noise, and damage to the rotor and bearings (excessive force); severe tide car will also damage equipment and cause accidents. 2 | *] 'c: s3 m5 X 11. How to deal with the tide car? . B. p # [+ M% y8 G When the piston compressor has a tide, the suction cut-off valve of the compressor should be closed immediately, and the throttle valve should be closed to stop the liquid supply. If the suction temperature continues to decrease, continue to close the suction valve. 4 E; W (T- K d0 N2 T1 H When the screw compressor has a tide, the suction cut-off valve of the compressor should be closed immediately, and the throttle valve should be closed to stop the liquid supply. If the suction temperature continues to decrease, continue to close but not close the suction valve to prevent abnormal sound and vibration when the suction pressure is too low, and reduce the load until it reaches zero. When tide traffic occurs, pay attention to observe and adjust the oil pressure. 12. What causes the exhaust pressure to be too high? How to eliminate it? (1) More mixed gas in the system and high-pressure part will cause the discharge pressure to be too high. Air should be vented. In the ammonia system, in order to reduce the ammonia pollution to the atmosphere, the air separator is generally used to discharge the non-condensable gas in the system. . Q0 R; v7 F6 c6 B% o8 [ In a small-scale fluorine system, the air can be discharged directly through the air release valve on the condenser. Open the air valve slightly to release the air. When the exhausted gas is white smoke, indicating that more Freon is released, the valve should be closed to end the air release operation. 1 g + J & I]. K (m (2) Scaling or accumulation of debris on the water side of the heat exchange tubes of the condenser. The water covers on both sides of the condenser should be opened for inspection and cleaning (rinse with a high-pressure water gun, wipe back and forth with a brush or cloth, and ask a professional company to clean). (3) Excessive liquid accumulation and excessive oil accumulation in the condenser. Check whether the condenser discharge valve and the balance pipe valve are fully open (should be fully open), and if necessary, check whether the valve head is off. Too much refrigerant and accumulated refrigerating machine oil are released. 4 g5 s6 G0 a9 s' n (4) The split gasket of the condenser end cover is damaged, resulting in a short-circuit circulation of cooling water. Open the water covers on both sides of the condenser to remove the rust on the split pad and replace the rubber pad. 9 \ 9 P) Q * P, d9 x (o0 J (5) The temperature of the cooling water inlet and outlet water exceeds the design requirements. Clean contaminants in the cooling tower, check if the water separator falls off and is tilted, and whether the inlet is clogged with foreign objects. (6) Insufficient cooling water flow. The performance is that the temperature difference between the cooling water inlet and outlet water exceeds the requirement. Check: Check whether the mechanical wear of the pump is too large; whether there is any blockage of foreign objects in the pump; whether the water valve, check valve, and filter screen are abnormal; whether the pump head meets the requirements; and whether the water pipeline direction and specifications are reasonable. ) \, v $ L / M, l: G! b, X6 w 13. Why and how can the compressor fail to start? + r9 C2 n * a "D. I: ^ 5 i3 k (e- V (1) Electrical failure; check and repair. : l; x5 g8 p; J. s2 | (2) The pressure relay or the oil pressure relay is out of order; check and adjust the interlocking contacts of the pressure relay and the oil pressure relay. ?% r7 x6 w; y8 n; H% x5 | 7 w (3) The crankcase pressure or intermediate pressure is too high; repair the exhaust valve or reduce the crankcase and intermediate pressure. ! G9 h) w! A7 [: D (4) (Piston machine) The unloading mechanism fails; check and repair. 1 I F: k) P 'q1} 0} 1 o 14. What are the causes of knocking sounds in the cylinder of the piston machine and how to deal with them? $ H2 @ 4 T "N * O5 I: g, p3 C (1) The piston hits the exhaust valve during operation; open the cylinder head with noise and increase the gap between the piston and the inner valve seat (2) The air valve bolt is loose; tighten the air valve bolt. ) Y- a; F: G0 G0 h8 c & l * ^ (3) The valve plate is damaged and broken and falls into the cylinder. The gap between the piston pin and the small end of the connecting rod is too large, and the gap between the piston and the cylinder is too large. Check and adjust and repair after removing the cylinder. (4) The spring of the false cover is deformed and the spring force is not enough; add a pad to increase the spring force or replace it. (5) Refrigerant liquid enters the cylinder and causes liquid shock; close the suction shut-off valve, the liquid supply throttle valve or close temporarily, and drain the liquid. Fifteen, the reason and treatment of knocking sound in the crankcase of the piston machine? 3 w0 Q8 ^ 5 W5 t / n; y4 R 'O (1) The gap between the connecting rod big-end bearing bush and the crank pin is too large; check the gap or replace it. ; O; f5 B; w. O9 A7 j3] * X (2) The clearance between the main journal and the main bearing is too large; check and adjust the clearance. 9 [: c: f / J, p! {4 t4 X (3) The flywheel loosely cooperates with the shaft or key; check the adjustment gap and repair. (4) The split pin of the connecting rod bolt is broken and the connecting rod nut is loose; tighten the connecting rod nut and lock with the split pin. 6 B) V, \ 7 H3 v 'l 16. Why and how to deal with no oil pressure after the piston compressor starts? (1) Failure of oil pump transmission parts; disassembly and maintenance. . n; A8 N9 H + K) V! K2 n (2) The oil inlet of the oil pump is blocked; check to remove dirt. (3) The oil pressure gauge fails; replace the oil pressure gauge. 2 q5 Y # U) H "T8 o- K 'C4 F (4) The oil fine filter and shaft seal are free of oil; oil should be added to the oil fine filter and shaft seal before driving to prevent air suction during driving. 2 n) [# e3} 5? & K "] 17. The reason and treatment of the low oil pressure of the piston compressor? * t * R 'q% A0 Q (1) The oil suction filter is blocked; remove and clean it. . m / b% _ 'z: N) b9 n / t (2) Failure of the hydraulic control valve; repair or replacement. 1 P1 T. q0 Q5 j "i! W (3) The gap between the oil pump gear and the pump cover is too large and worn; repair or replace. : t; |% F% O (N (4) The oil level of the crankcase is too low; add oil or return oil from the oil. 8 \: e! T4 k3 b3 `+ P (5) Serious wear of bearings in various parts causes excessive clearance or oil leakage in some oil circuits; check and repair. 5 N # h (? "J" D g: n2 Z) u4 W1 g9 R ~ 18. The reason and treatment of the increase in oil consumption of piston compressors? -Y (R% E (g7 J5 S; O (1) Refrigerant liquid enters the crankcase; close or temporarily close the suction shut-off valve and the liquid supply throttle valve (refer to the method for handling tidal vehicles). (2) The seal ring, oil scraper ring or cylinder are seriously worn or the piston ring lock is on the same line; check, adjust, and replace the seriously worn parts if necessary. + b7 n / I N * s & A- z2} (3) The oil level of the crankcase is too high or the exhaust temperature is too high; release part of the lubricant or take measures to reduce the exhaust temperature. Nineteen, the reason and treatment of oil leakage or gas leakage of shaft seal? (1) Poor shaft packing or shaving of the shaft sealing surface; check and adjust, replace or grind the sealing ring. (2) The aging deformation or tightness of the "O" ring of the dynamic and static rings is not suitable; replace the sealing rubber ring. s # l / z9 x (O- ^ | 6 q "| 'i (3) There is much liquid refrigerant in the oil; increase the oil temperature or discharge the refrigerant. 7 M Y9 I8 F9 L "B% N 'W (4) The crankcase pressure of the piston compressor is too high; reduce the crankcase pressure. 20. Reasons and solutions for the failure of piston compressor unloading device mechanism? (1) The oil pressure is not enough; adjust the oil pressure so that the oil pressure is 0.12 ~ 0.2MPa higher than the suction pressure. (2) The oil pipe is blocked; disassemble and clean. (3) There is dirt stuck in the oil cylinder; disassemble and clean. 7 X- V (U0 j 'O + s3 F (a' h6 E1 l (4) Improper assembly of the oil distribution valve, incorrect assembly of the pull rod or rotating ring, the rotating ring is stuck; disassemble for inspection. 21. What is the reason for the excessive suction superheat of the compressor (the suction temperature is higher than the evaporation temperature) and how to deal with it? (1) Insufficient refrigerant in the refrigeration system; supplement refrigerant. (2) Insufficient refrigerant in the evaporator; open the large throttle valve and increase the liquid supply. (3) The heat insulation of the suction line of the refrigeration system is not good; check and repair. (4) The water content in the refrigerant exceeds the standard; check the refrigerant water content. (5) The throttle valve has a small opening degree and a small liquid supply amount; the large throttle valve is opened to increase the liquid supply amount. ) o / j +] 'W2 P3 j2 `1 [: j9 a 22. The reason and treatment method of the high temperature of the exhaust of the piston compressor? 'Z. W # Q & N +} 2 j9] 4 K (x (1) The temperature of the suction gas is too high; adjust the degree of superheat of the suction gas (refer to question 22). (2) The exhaust valve disc is broken; open the cylinder head, check and replace the exhaust valve disc. (3) Air leakage of safety valve; check safety valve, adjust and repair. (4) Air leakage from the piston ring; check the piston ring, adjust and repair. (5) Cylinder liner gasket is broken or leaking; check and replace. (6) The gap at the top dead center of the piston is too large; check and adjust the gap at the top dead center. 4 @ C # t% g0 y, U + r! T (7) The cooling capacity of the cylinder head is insufficient; check the water volume and temperature, and adjust it. (8) The compression ratio of the compressor is too large; detect the evaporation pressure and condensation pressure. Twenty-three, the reason and treatment of the compressor suction pressure is too low? 3 b- I5 ^ / d * t- W N 'N6 Q (1) The liquid supply throttle valve or suction filter is blocked (dirty or ice blockage); disassemble and inspect and clean. # Y3 J. M1 [* o: E (b, h8 _ / [8 M (2) Insufficient refrigerant in the system; add refrigerant. : Y9 L0 k (v3 M% ~ / d (3) Insufficient refrigerant in the evaporator; open a large throttle valve and increase the liquid supply. 8 j0 d! G & V9 q (4) There is too much refrigerating machine oil in the system and in the evaporator; find the oil accumulation in the system and discharge the oil accumulation. $ a / e4 a! N * A; H- A (5) The heat load is small; adjust the energy level of the compressor and unload appropriately. Twenty-four, the cause and treatment of abnormal vibration of the screw unit? (1) The anchor bolts of the unit are not tightened or loosened; tighten the anchor bolts. % g2 _5 [. O # A, |, c9 H (2) The compressor shaft and the motor shaft are misaligned or out of concentric; re-correction. (3) The vibration of the pipeline causes the vibration of the unit to increase; add support points or change the support points. (4) The compressor sucks in too much oil or refrigerant liquid; the machine is stopped and the liquid is discharged by cranking

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