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    Present situation and development of scroll refrigeration compressor technology

    Present situation and development of scroll refrigeration compressor technology In the past decade, scroll refrigeration compressors have begun to enter people's lives. As a new form of refrigeration compressor, it is currently an advanced and perfect compressor. In the early 20th century, Cruex researched and invented the scroll refrigeration compressor, but because the scroll profile processing equipment was not advanced at that time, it did not develop rapidly. At the end of the 20th century, scroll compressors were further utilized and developed. In China, scroll refrigeration compressors are widely used in the field of commercial air conditioners and cabinet air conditioners, which brings great convenience to people's life and work. 1. Brief introduction of scroll refrigeration compressor 1.1 Overview of scroll refrigeration compressors The scroll refrigeration compressor is a volumetric compression refrigeration compressor. The compression component is composed of a static scroll, which includes the feature of shunting the gas through the interior of the compressor housing to reduce the entrained oil. Inside the housing, a lot of gas flows upward to reduce the downward flow towards the amount of oil. To achieve this, the motor in the compressor can be surrounded by a sleeve. The channel for guiding air flow in this sleeve is in the upper and lower stator ends of the motor. In some specific examples, the two gas passages between the stator and the motor housing are important for positioning the suction inlet. The position inside this inlet allows a channel to receive incoming gas and this flow is divided into flows in the opposite direction, that is, downward flow and upward flow. At the same time, suction diffuser, baffle, etc. can also help to separate gasoline. 1.2 The basic principle of scroll refrigeration compressor work Scroll refrigeration compressor is composed of two double function equations of moving scroll and static scroll. In the compression and suction, the static disk is fixed on the frame. The moving disk is driven by the drive eccentric shaft and is limited by the anti-automatic machine mechanism. It surrounds the center of the base circle of the static disk and rotates in a small amplitude plane. The gas is sucked into the periphery of the static disc by the air filter element. Under the rotation of the eccentric shaft, the gas combines into a plurality of crescents under the cooperation of the moving disc and the static disc to form a compressor in the compression chamber. 1.3 Main features of scroll refrigeration compressor Due to the special design of the scroll compressor, it has been hailed as an energy-saving compressor. The scroll in the scroll compressor is the main running part. Under normal circumstances, it only has a fold and does not wear out. Due to its long service life, it is called an ultra-static compressor. Scroll compressors have many advantages, such as light weight, unique structure, small vibration frequency, stable gas transmission, etc., and are widely used in transportation, industry and food industry. The structural components of the scroll compressor are: the drive shaft, which can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise; the cylinder, which forms an internal area of ​​corresponding size; the roller, which contacts in the surrounding surface of the cylinder, and rotates on all four sides of the eccentric portion, can The circumferential surface starts rolling motion, and forms a chamber for sucking fluid with the inner circumferential surface; the oil flow path is provided between the bearing and the drive shaft, and the organic oil flows uniformly; the discharge port is conducive to the communication of the fluid chamber; The attraction of the ports, they communicate in the fluid chamber and can be isolated at a corresponding angle. 2. Study the actual situation of scroll refrigeration compressor technology Scroll refrigeration compressor technology generally revolves around adjusting variable capacity, expanding operating range, and researching parts and components. The functions of these aspects are different, and each aspect is very critical. It plays an irreplaceable role in promoting scroll refrigeration compressor technology. 2.1 Parts Research In the development of scroll refrigeration compressors, the following aspects are generally carried out. One is to optimize the scroll and profile, and widely use the disciplinary fusion method of scroll refrigeration compressor air and structural mechanics to optimize the scroll profile. In increasing efforts to study customer development of scroll materials, to further strengthen the thermal performance of the scroll. The second is friction and lubrication components. It is necessary to study the lubricity of the scroll more deeply and establish a perfect design of the scroll friction lubrication scheme of the scroll refrigeration compressor. Mark the problems that need to be noted in the design in the plan, and be particularly careful and cautious in the specific design. The third is to use a flexible mechanism to prevent leakage as much as possible and strengthen the quality of the scroll refrigeration compressor; the fourth is the motor. This type of motor includes three types, namely permanent magnet synchronous motor, switched reluctance motor, asynchronous induction motor. Among them, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of good quality and small size, which has been widely valued by people, and its technology is becoming more and more mature. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are gradually replacing traditional asynchronous motors with variable frequency speed regulation. 2.2 Adjust variable capacity From the actual situation of scroll refrigeration compressors, there are only two compressor technologies for capacity adjustment, which are frequency conversion scroll technology and digital scroll technology. In 2001, Copeland Enterprises officially launched the digital scroll technology to the market. This technology has the advantages of simple control, high efficiency, large capacity range, few system parts, and no electromagnetic interference. It has been widely welcomed and used by major enterprises just after its introduction. At present, in the scroll refrigeration compressor, the application of frequency conversion technology has been very mature. At present, the frequency conversion adjustment of a totally enclosed scroll refrigeration compressor includes two methods, namely an AC frequency conversion method and a DC speed change method. The frequency conversion adjustment is to prevent multiple start-ups and shutdowns to reduce the economic loss of this part. However, in addition to the advantages of small temperature fluctuations and high control accuracy, the frequency conversion control technology has the disadvantage of higher cost. The frequency converter itself has the characteristics of energy consumption and electromagnetic interference. In terms of adjusting energy, whether it is frequency conversion technology or digital scroll technology, its advantages are different. However, in terms of current market share, frequency conversion technology is more popular and favored than digital scroll technology. 2.3 Research on alternative refrigerants Currently, the refrigerant replacement in scroll refrigeration compressors includes two tasks, That is to develop CO2 and R32R32 compressors. Compared with previous compressors, CO2 compressors have the characteristics of small structure size and large suction and discharge pressure difference. The structure of the CO2 scroll refrigeration compressor is mainly in a fully enclosed form, and the displacement is much smaller than the refrigerant used daily. It is generally used in automobile air conditioners and heat pump water heater systems. 2.4 Expanding the operating range Scroll refrigeration compressor operating range expansion technology includes air supplement technology, suction and liquid injection. The pressure ratio of the scroll refrigeration compressor is affected by the working temperature of the scroll. Liquid cooling is the main means to ensure the normal operation of scroll and bearing. At present, scroll refrigeration compressors adopt the technology of reducing the temperature of exhaust gas. When the refrigerant is injected into the intermediate stage compression chamber, the compression work will increase accordingly. With increasing the injection ratio of the refrigerant, the discharge temperature of the compressor will decrease accordingly, and the injection of refrigerant will affect the lubricating oil Temperature, lowering its temperature, which in turn reduces the continued increase in compressor function. In low temperature environment, in order to enable the heat pump to continue to operate stably, an economizer can be used to enhance the performance of the heat pump in low temperature environment operation. After studying the heat pump technology used in the lower temperature area, it was found that the use of scroll refrigeration compressor economic system can significantly enhance the heat capacity of the heat pump, and can also solve the problem of too high compressor discharge temperature. In addition, using the suction pipe to directly inject liquid can also reduce the degree of superheat of suction. The above-mentioned internal cooling methods each have application advantages and disadvantages, and need to be combined with the actual situation. According to the characteristics of low cost and simple structure of the liquid injection system, the corresponding cooling method is selected in order to quickly complete the cooling work. 3. The development direction of scroll refrigeration compressor products and technology 3.1 Product development direction Compared with the rotor compressor, the profit obtained by the scroll refrigeration compressor is considerable, and it has a broad application prospect in the field of air conditioning. In the case that some technologies of scroll refrigeration compressors are becoming more mature, it has also been applied in the heat pump industry and the refrigeration and refrigeration industry. In the future, scroll refrigeration compressors will be more commonly used in the field of heat pumps and refrigeration, and more application value will be discovered in these fields. In order to gradually solve the technical problem of high-power models of rotor compressors, high-power DC inverter rotor compressors have received attention and research, and have been applied in the Chinese market. In terms of cost, the high-power rotor-type inverter compressor has great application advantages. However, in terms of comprehensive comparison, both high-power rotor-type inverter compressors and scroll-type refrigeration compressors have their own advantages and disadvantages. The best form of compressor should be selected in accordance with the actual application. Scroll refrigeration compressors have the efficiency of multiple parallel connections, and are qualified to compete with single-head screw refrigeration compressors in the market. In the refrigeration and refrigeration market, scroll refrigeration compressors have been widely used, and have increased significantly in the small refrigerator market. In Japan, it has begun mass production of CO2 scroll refrigeration compressors, which are widely used in CO2 heat pump water heaters, effectively solving the R32 scroll refrigeration compressor technology. It can be seen that R32 scroll refrigeration compressors and CO2 scroll refrigeration compressors will surely get satisfactory application results. Under the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the market for electric vehicle air-conditioning compressors has been rapidly developed with a deaf ear, and the electric vehicle air-conditioning compressors with a scroll structure are bound to be further developed. 3.2 Technology development direction Analyze the practical application of scroll refrigeration compressors and summarize the development direction of scroll refrigeration compressors in the next few years. (1) Enhancing energy, using a combination of various disciplines such as fluid and structural mechanics of scroll refrigeration compressors to integrate scroll profiles, and seeking ways to simplify processing. Through research, it is found that with the improvement of sealing requirements, the lower the mechanical friction loss. In short, the level of lubrication performance is inversely proportional to the size of mechanical friction loss. The improvement and improvement of the compressor balance mechanism, especially the balance of axial gas force, can further strengthen the effectiveness and reliability of the scroll refrigeration compressor. In addition, more effort is needed to study variable frequency motors to improve their load energy efficiency. (2) The requirements for the structure are high, and the new refrigerants have higher requirements for the design of scroll refrigeration compressor structures. Especially the research on R32 and CO2 scroll refrigeration compressors will inevitably become the focus of future research. (3) Expansion of the operation field, in-depth study of the technology of supplementing gas and increasing enthusiasm, and strengthening the discussion of some technical problems that arise in the operation field of scroll refrigeration compressors, especially the practical application in heat pumps (4) Lightweight technology. With people gradually paying attention to comfort, noise reduction technology in scroll refrigeration compressors has been paid attention to. The research on lightweight technology starts from the level of motor and material to promote the widespread use of scroll compressor lightweight technology. It can be seen that the scroll refrigeration compressor has a precise structure, and has the advantages of low vibration, low noise, and stable operation. In the refrigeration and air conditioning industry, scroll refrigeration compressors have a very promising application prospect. However, combined with the actual situation, China's research on scroll refrigeration compressor technology started late, and there are still many imperfections. In view of this situation, China should actively learn from the experience of other countries in researching scroll refrigeration compressors, combined with China's actual situation, effectively solve the problems in the application of scroll refrigeration compressor technology in China, and then promote the development of China's social economy .

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