Troubleshooting a Refrigerator Compressor Running But Not Cooling: A Comprehensive Guide

Figure 1: Embraco compressor.

The refrigerator is an essential appliance in every home, keeping our perishable food items fresh and safe for consumption. However, when the refrigerator compressor is running but the refrigerator is not cooling, it can be frustrating and concerning. A malfunctioning refrigerator can result in food spoilage, costly repairs, and even replacement of the entire unit.

In this article, we will explore the reasons why a refrigerator is not cooling but the compressor running and provide solutions to troubleshoot the problem.

1. Symptoms of a Refrigerator Compressor Running But Not Cooling

Before we dive into troubleshooting, it's essential to identify the symptoms of a compressor running but the refrigerator not cooling. Some of the common signs include:

● Warm Temperature inside the refrigerator.
● Compressor Noise.
● Frost Buildup on the evaporator coils.
● Water Leakage.
● Food Spoilage.

Figure 2: Refrigerator working principle diagram.

2. Reasons for a Refrigerator Compressor Running But Not Cooling

Several reasons can cause a refrigerator compressor to run but not cool. Here are some of the common reasons:

Malfunctioning Thermostat: The thermostat is responsible for regulating the temperature inside the refrigerator. If the thermostat is malfunctioning, it may not be sending the proper signals to the compressor to start and stop. This can result in the compressor running continuously without actually cooling the refrigerator.

Dirty Condenser Coils: The condenser coils of the refrigerator play a crucial role in dissipating heat. If the coils are dirty, they can't release heat effectively, resulting in the compressor running but not cooling.

Faulty Evaporator Fan Motor: The evaporator fan motor is responsible for circulating cool air throughout the refrigerator. If the fan motor is faulty or not working correctly, it can cause the compressor to run but not cool.

Defective Start Relay: The start relay of the refrigerator is responsible for supplying power to the compressor. If the start relay is defective, it can prevent the compressor from receiving enough power, resulting in it running but not cooling.

Low Refrigerant Levels: Low refrigerant levels can cause the compressor to run but not cool. A leak in the refrigerant system can lead to low refrigerant levels.

Faulty Compressor: The compressor is the heart of the refrigerator's cooling system. If the compressor is faulty, it may not be able to circulate refrigerant properly, resulting in the compressor running but not cooling the refrigerator.

Figure 3: Refrigerator thermostat.

3. Troubleshooting a Refrigerator Compressor Running But Not Cooling

Now that we know the reasons why a refrigerator compressor may be running but not cooling, let's look at the troubleshooting steps to fix the problem.

3.1 Step 1: Check the Thermostat

Start by checking the thermostat to ensure that it is functioning properly. Set the thermostat to the coldest setting and wait a few hours to see if the refrigerator begins to cool. If it does not, you may need to replace the thermostat.

3.2 Step 2: Clean the Condenser Coils

Dirty condenser coils can prevent the refrigerator from cooling correctly.

To clean the coils, unplug the refrigerator and locate the coils. The location of the coils may vary depending on the model of the refrigerator.
Use a soft brush or vacuum cleaner to remove the dust and debris from the coils.
Once you've cleaned the coils, plug in the refrigerator and check if it's cooling correctly.

Figure 4: Refrigerator condenser.

3.3 Step 3: Check the Evaporator Fan Motor

If the evaporator fan motor is faulty or not working correctly, it can prevent the refrigerator from cooling.

To check the fan motor, unplug the refrigerator and locate the fan motor.
Turn the blades of the fan to see if it spins freely. If the fan motor doesn't turn freely, it's faulty and needs to be replaced.
If the fan motor is working correctly, plug in the refrigerator and check if it's cooling correctly.

3.4 Step 4: Test the Start Relay

To test the start relay, unplug the refrigerator and locate the relay.
Remove the relay and shake it gently. If you hear a rattling sound, it's defective and needs to be replaced.
If the start relay is working correctly, plug in the refrigerator and check if it's cooling correctly.

3.5 Step 5: Check the Refrigerant Levels

Low refrigerant levels can cause the compressor to run but not cool.

To check the refrigerant levels, you'll need a refrigerant gauge.
First, unplug the refrigerator and locate the access valve.
Connect the refrigerant gauge to the access valve and turn on the gauge.
The gauge will display the refrigerant levels. If the refrigerant levels are low, it's an indication that there's a leak in the refrigerant system.
Contact a licensed HVAC technician to repair the leak and recharge the system.

Figure 5: Refrigerant gauge.

3.6 Step 6: Inspect the Compressor

If all the above steps fail to fix the problem, it's an indication that the compressor is faulty. Inspect the compressor for any signs of damage or wear.

To check the compressor, unplug the refrigerator and remove the access panel on the back of the unit.
Locate the compressor and check for any visible signs of damage or wear. If the compressor appears to be damaged or worn, it will need to be replaced. Contact a licensed HVAC technician to replace the compressor.

3.7 Step 7: Call a Professional

If you are unsure of how to troubleshoot or fix the problem with your refrigerator, it is best to call a professional appliance repair technician. They will have the necessary tools and expertise to diagnose and repair the problem quickly and efficiently.

4. Preventing a Refrigerator Compressor Running But Not Cooling

Preventive maintenance is crucial to ensure that the refrigerator runs smoothly and efficiently. Here are some tips to prevent a compressor running but not cooling:

Figure 6: Check the refrigerator.

● Regularly clean the condenser coils of the refrigerator to ensure efficient heat dissipation.

● Check the evaporator fan motor regularly and replace it if it's faulty.

● Inspect the start relay of the refrigerator for any signs of damage and replace it if it's defective.

● Check the refrigerant levels regularly and recharge the system if the levels are low.

● Schedule regular maintenance with a licensed HVAC technician to inspect the refrigerator and ensure that it's running correctly.

● It is also important to avoid overloading the refrigerator with food and to keep the temperature settings at the recommended levels.

5. Conclusion

By identifying the symptoms and troubleshooting the problem----refrigerator compressor running but not cooling, you can fix the issue and prevent costly repairs or replacement of the refrigerator.

Remember to take preventive measures to ensure that the refrigerator runs smoothly and efficiently. If you're unsure about any aspect of the troubleshooting process, contact a licensed HVAC technician to inspect and repair the refrigerator.

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