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    Analysis on application of overload protector for refrigeration compressor

    Analysis on application of overload protector for refrigeration compressor Refrigeration compressor is the main key component of air conditioner and refrigerator, which is called "heart". Since the 1980s, my country has successively introduced technology and equipment, and its production capacity has reached about 20 million units. Due to the high reliability and safety required during use, higher requirements are placed on compressor protectors. 　　 1、Function 　　The protector is connected in series in the compressor circuit to track the temperature change of the compressor in time and provide accurate and reliable protection for the compressor according to the change of current. 　　Currently widely used in refrigeration compressors is a sudden bimetal protector. It has the advantages of simple structure, reliable work, convenient use and low cost. 　　 2. Type 　　 Depending on the installation method and function, there are the following types: 　　2.1 According to the different installation methods, it can be divided into two types: 　　 2.1.1 External protector 　　 Installed on the sealed terminal of the compressor casing. Therefore, the temperature, accuracy, and working reliability of the casing of the induction compressor are relatively poor, and the scope of application has certain limitations. However, due to its convenient installation and maintenance and low cost, it is generally used in refrigerator compressors and small power (generally less than 1PH power) household air-conditioning compressors. 　　 2.1.2 Embedded protector 　　 Installed on the motor coil (bound) in the inner cavity of the compressor casing or (plugged in) on the sealed terminal. Therefore, the work is accurate, high reliability, and wide application range (from refrigerator compressors to general air conditioner compressors). However, because it is installed inside the compressor, it requires a small size and can adapt to the harsh environment of high temperature and high pressure changes inside the compressor. Therefore, high requirements are placed on its design and manufacturing, such as the tightness requirement reaching 1×10-9 standard atmospheric pressure s. Currently, it is widely used in air-conditioning compressors. 　　2.2 According to the different functions, it can be divided into three types. 　　 2.2.1 Overheat protector When the compressor temperature exceeds its allowable working range due to various reasons, the protector can automatically cut off the circuit and stop the compressor. When the temperature of the compressor drops to the designed range, the circuit is automatically connected, so that the compressor can be operated within an allowable temperature range, and there will be no "burn-in" or a decrease in working life. 　　 2.2.2 Overload protector ① The main function is that the protector can cut off the circuit within the specified time according to the design requirements when the working condition is abnormal, such as long-term overload, grid voltage increase or decrease, etc., which affects the performance of the compressor or causes "burn-in". The so-called "current characteristics". 　　 ② When the compressor is mechanically engaged or the starting gap time is too short, it causes a stall, and if the circuit is not cut off in time, a "burn-in" will occur. The protector can cut off the circuit at a specified current and within a specified time (so-called "time characteristics") to avoid accidents. 2.2.3 Overheat and overload protector This protector integrates the functions of the above two products, so it puts forward higher requirements for the design and supporting of the protector, but it simplifies the compressor structure and improves its reliability It has been widely used. 　　 3. Domestic and foreign production and application 　　3.1 External protector 　　①External protector for refrigerator compressor. The production of this product is typical of the American TI company. The production of the product has realized automatic scale production, mature technology and stable quality. In addition, such as the Japanese YAMADA company. However, there are still differences in production equipment, technical level and other aspects. 　　Since the 1980s, China has successively introduced refrigerator compressor protector production lines or key equipment. At the same time, there are many manufacturers that rely on self-developed technology and process equipment for production and reach a considerable scale. After more than ten years of exploration, the current production technology level and product quality have also matured, and have a greater advantage in terms of price. 　　②The external protector of the compressor of the air conditioner. The production history in China has been more than ten years, but failed to form mass production. Although a large number of domestic air conditioner compressor production lines have been introduced in recent years, the protector still depends on imports. 　　 At present, the domestic related protector manufacturers have set their sights on this product, and have invested in development and research, and there are signs of being adopted by air-conditioning compressor manufacturers. 　　3.2 Embedded protector This product has been researched and developed in China for some time, and has accumulated some experience, but due to various reasons, it has not been able to form mass production. Therefore, it seriously lags behind the localization requirements of air-conditioning compressors. At present, the world's production of this product is the United States Texas Instruments, Japan's Shengfang Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and so on. 　　 4. Introduction of new protectors 　　With the continuous development of refrigeration compressor production, new requirements are put forward for the protector, and some protectors with unique functions have appeared, which can better meet the needs of compressor production. 　　4.1 Fusible non-reset protector 　　Under normal circumstances, the protector can protect the compressor from damage, but the protection cannot be achieved when the following conditions occur: 　　 ① When some permanent faults, such as compressor mechanical bite, and the protector exceeds its working life. 　　②The protector exceeds the working life due to frequent failures. 　　 ③ When the protector itself cannot be disconnected due to quality problems. If the above situation is not forced to cut off the circuit, there will be a greater accident, and it may even cause an explosion of the compressor and other accidents that endanger personal safety. 　　 The appearance of fusible (external and embedded) protectors meets this requirement well. In the above situation, the protector can be permanently broken according to the specific design, that is, it acts as a "fuse wire", so that the compressor is reliably protected, and the "explosion" accident of the compressor is avoided. This product was promoted and applied successively around 1997, and achieved good results. 　　4.2 Plug-in buried protector 　　 In the past, most of the embedded protectors were attached to the stator winding of the motor in a strapping manner to accurately sense the temperature change, but the installation was extremely inconvenient, which affected the production of the automatic line of the compressor and the cost was also high. In order to improve the above situation, a plug-in protector directly inserted into the sealed terminal solves the above problem better. The protector senses the comprehensive temperature of the compressor exhaust, etc., which not only has the convenience of external installation, but also has the reliability of embedded work, and the cost is relatively low. 　　4.3 Embedded protector with overheat and overload function in one 　　Overheating and overload protectors generally have earlier applications in exterior type, while buried protectors used to only have overload function in the past, and overheating protection is borne by corresponding protectors. Although the functions are clear, it reduces the reliability of the compressor and increases the cost. Therefore, most of the current design and application are overheat and overload types. With the advent of inverter air conditioner compressors, the requirements for protectors have also changed. For example, it is only necessary to provide a protector for overheating protection. This type of protector has an external type, a plug-in buried type, a strap-in buried type and other forms, but from the actual situation, the use of plug-in buried type should be a more reasonable and effective method. 　　 It should be pointed out that for compressors with embedded protectors installed, due to excessively high or low operating voltage, short start-up time and other abnormal working conditions, there is reliable (double) protection. In this sense, if the air conditioner manufacturer performs voltage detection to protect the compressor, setting of functions such as start gap time setting is unnecessary. 5 Conclusion 　　In summary, when choosing a protector, if considering the performance of protection, it is better to use an embedded protector; but from the perspective of economy and ease of use and maintenance, the external protector still has many advantages. Therefore, if the existing external protector is improved in design to achieve the effect of the built-in protector, it is extremely possible and necessary, and it will certainly be accepted by the market.

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