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    Common faults and elimination of ammonia refrigeration compressor

    Common faults and elimination of ammonia refrigeration compressor In the refrigeration system of the cold storage, the refrigeration compressor is the core equipment, usually called the refrigeration host. At present, piston refrigeration compressors are mostly used in small and medium-sized cold storage refrigeration systems. Due to different refrigerants, they are often divided into ammonia refrigeration compressors and fluorine refrigeration compressors. Today's editor mainly introduces the common faults and treatment methods of piston ammonia refrigeration compressors. 1 Refrigeration compressor cannot start normally 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. Detect whether it is caused by too low power supply voltage or poor connection of the motor circuit. If it is indeed that the grid voltage is too low, start again after the grid voltage returns to normal: if it is a poor line contact, the connection between the line and the motor should be detected and repaired. 　　 2. Check whether the exhaust valve is leaking: If the exhaust valve is damaged or the leak is not tight, it will cause the pressure in the crankcase to be too high, which can not start normally. Replace the exhaust valve and sealing line. 　　 3. Check whether the energy regulation mechanism is malfunctioning. Mainly check whether the oil supply pipeline is blocked, the pressure is too low, the oil piston is stuck, etc. and repair it according to the cause of the failure. 　　 4. Check whether the temperature controller is damaged or out of adjustment; if it is out of adjustment, adjust the temperature controller; if it is damaged, it should be repaired or worse. 　　 5. Check whether the pressure relay is malfunctioning. Repair the pressure relay and reset the pressure parameters. 2 No oil pressure 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. Check whether there is oil leakage at the connection point of the oil pump pipeline system or the blockage is oil leakage. The joint should be tightened; if it is blocked, the oil pipeline should be dredged. 　　 2. Whether it is due to the opening of the hydraulic control valve is too large or the valve core is falling off. If the hydraulic pressure regulating valve is improperly adjusted, the hydraulic pressure regulating valve should be adjusted, and the hydraulic pressure should be adjusted to the required value. 　　 3. If there is too little oil in the crankcase or ammonia liquid exists, it will cause the oil pump not to enter the oil. If there is too little oil, it should be refueled in time; if it is the latter, it must be shut down in time to eliminate ammonia. 　　 4. The oil pump is seriously worn. The gap is too large, causing the oil pressure not to rise. For this situation. To repair the oil pump, it should be replaced directly when the fault is serious. 　　 5. Check whether the connecting rod bearing, main bearing, connecting rod bush and piston pin have been severely worn. At this time, relevant parts should be replaced in time. 　　 6. The gasket of the rear cover of the crankcase is misplaced, which blocks the oil inlet passage of the oil pump. It should be disassembled and inspected, and the position of the gasket should be fixed again. 3 A lot of foam is generated in the crankcase 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　The oil in the crankcase foamed and a liquid blow occurred, mainly due to the following two reasons: First, a large amount of ammonia liquid is mixed in the lubricating oil. When the pressure is lowered, the ammonia liquid will evaporate, and a large amount of foam will be seriously generated. For this, the ammonia liquid in the crankcase should be evacuated. 　　 Second. Too much lubricating oil is added to the crankcase, and the large end of the connecting rod stirs the lubricating oil to cause a lot of foam. To this end, the excessive lubricating oil in the crankcase should be released to make the oil level reach the specified oil level line. 4 Four oil temperature is too high 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. Improper assembly of shaft and tile. The gap is too small. The size of the shaft and tile assembly gap should be adjusted so that the gap meets the standard requirements. 　　 2. The oil contains impurities. Lead to bearing bushings. In this regard, the brushed bush should be scraped flat. And replace it with new oil: if the tile is rough, the new tile should be replaced. 　　 3. The shaft seal friction ring is installed too tight or the friction ring is rough. The shaft seal friction ring should be readjusted. If the friction ring is badly rough, replace it with a new one. 　　 4. If it is caused by the high suction and exhaust temperature of the compressed gas, the system's liquid supply valve should be adjusted properly to restore the suction and exhaust temperature to normal. 5 Increased pressure in the crankcase 　　 School repair ideas 　　 1. The sealing of the piston ring is not strict, which leads to the replacement of the new piston sealing ring from high pressure to low pressure. 　　 2. The exhaust valve is not closed tightly, causing the pressure in the crankcase to rise. The sealing of the exhaust valve disc seat should be checked. If the seal is not tight, a new valve disc should be replaced in time. 　　 3. The tightness between the cylinder liner and the base becomes poor: the cylinder liner should be removed, the joint should be cleaned and sealed, and reassembled. 　　 4. Excessive ammonia liquid enters into the crankcase, which causes pressure increase after evaporation: as long as the excess ammonia liquid in the crankcase is evacuated. 6 Failure of energy regulation mechanism 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. Check whether the oil pressure is too low or the oil pipe is blocked: if the oil pressure is too low. Adjust and increase the oil pressure; if the oil pipe is blocked, the oil pipe should be cleaned and unblocked. 　　 2. Whether the oil piston is stuck: remove the oil piston to clean and replace the dirty oil. Re-assemble correctly. 　　 3. Whether the rod and the rotating ring are installed incorrectly, so that the rotating ring is stuck-focus on checking the assembly of the rod and the rotating ring, and repair it until the rotating ring can rotate flexibly. 　　 4. Check whether it is caused by improper assembly of oil distribution valve. If the ventilation method is used to check whether each working position is appropriate, and readjust the oil distribution valve. 7 Excessive waste heat 　Overhaul ideas 　　 1. Detect whether the ammonia in the evaporator is too low or the opening of the liquid supply valve is too small. If the system is short of ammonia, it should be replenished normally in time; if the liquid supply valve is not adjusted properly, the liquid supply: valve should be opened to a suitable position. 　　 2. Whether it is the poor insulation of the return air pipeline insulation layer or damaged by moisture. The insulation layer should be thoroughly inspected and replaced with new insulation materials. 　　 3. Inhalation valve air leakage or rupture damage: If the leakage is slight, the valve disc can be ground to make it no longer leak; if it is ruptured, replace the new intake valve directly. 8 Compressor suction pressure is lower than normal evaporation pressure 　Overhaul ideas 　　 1. The opening of the liquid supply valve is too small, which can lead to insufficient liquid supply, so the evaporation pressure will drop. In this regard, as long as the liquid supply valve is opened to an appropriate degree. 　　 2. The valve in the suction line is not fully opened or the spool is off. If it is the former, the valve should be fully opened; if the spool falls off, the spool should be reinstalled. 　　 3. The liquid ammonia in the system is lacking. Even if the large pressure valve is opened, the evaporation pressure is still low. At this time, an appropriate amount of liquid ammonia should be added according to the actual situation. 4. The return air pipeline is thin, or there is a "liquid sac" phenomenon in the return air pipeline. If the pipe diameter is too small, the appropriate return air pipe should be replaced again; Disassemble the "liquid bladder" section and re-weld the pipeline. 9 Compressor wet stroke 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. When the compressor starts, if the suction valve opens too fast, it will cause a wet stroke: therefore, the suction valve should be opened slowly when starting to avoid causing a wet stroke and damaging the compressor. 　　 2. If the opening of the liquid supply valve is too large, it will also cause a wet stroke. At this time, it is sufficient to close the liquid supply valve appropriately. 　　 3. When returning to normal temperature after defrosting in the cold store, the suction valve should be opened slowly and the operation of the refrigeration compressor should be observed at any time. If the return air temperature drops too fast, it should be temporarily turned off, and when the operation returns to normal, then continue to slowly turn on. 10 There is a knocking sound in the crankcase 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. Check whether the gap between the connecting rod big head tile and the shaft turning journal is too large. At this time, the gap should be adjusted, or the new tile should be replaced directly. 　　 2. If the gap between the main bearing and the main journal is too large, collision and friction will occur, and a knocking sound will be produced. New tiles should be repaired or replaced. 　　 3. Check whether the cotter pin is broken and the connecting rod nut is loose. If yes, replace the cotter pin with a new one and tighten the connecting rod nut. 　　 4. If the center of the coupling is not correct or the keyway of the coupling is loose. Should adjust the coupling or repair the key slot or replace the new key. 　　 5. The main bearing steel ball is worn and the bearing frame is broken. For this, just replace the new bearing. 11 Overheated cylinder wall temperature 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. If the oil pump fails, the oil pressure is too low or the oil circuit is blocked: it should be shut down for full maintenance. 　　 2. Check whether the gap between the piston and the cylinder wall is too small or the piston deviates: At this time, the piston should be adjusted. 　　 3. The safety block or false cover is not tightly sealed, causing high and low pressure gas. Measures should be taken to repair this to improve the sealing performance. 　　 4. Check whether the suction temperature is too high. Adjustments should be made to lower the suction temperature. 　　 5. If the quality of lubricating oil is not good, the viscosity is too small. Should be shut down and replaced with new lubricants. 　　 6. Check whether the cooling water jacket is too thick or the water volume is insufficient: if the scale is too thick, it should be removed in time; if the amount of bitter water is insufficient, the cooling water volume should be increased. 　　 7. Check whether the suction and exhaust valve are damaged. If damaged, the suction and exhaust valve should be replaced in time. 　　 8. Check whether the piston ring has been seriously worn. If yes, just replace the new piston ring. 12 Shaft seal oil leakage is serious 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. Check whether the shaft seal is mismatched, causing serious oil leakage of the shaft seal. The shaft seal should be assembled correctly. 　　 2. Check whether the friction surfaces of the moving ring and the fixed ring have been roughened. If the roughness is serious, the sealing surface should be carefully ground and reassembled. 　　 3. If the rubber seal garden is aged or the elasticity is not set properly, oil will leak: For this, a new rubber garden should be replaced and the appropriate elasticity should be adjusted. 　　 4. Check whether the spring force of the shaft seal spring is weakened, which causes oil leakage of the shaft seal: the original spring should be removed and a new spring of the same size should be replaced. 　　 5. Check whether the sealing performance of the back of the fixing ring and the shaft seal gland has deteriorated. In this regard, the fixing ring should be removed, and the back ring should be cleaned and reassembled. 　　 6. If the crankcase pressure is too high, it should be adjusted. But before stopping, the pressure of the crankcase should be reduced and the exhaust valve should be checked for leaks. 13 Shaft seal oil temperature is too high 　　 Maintenance ideas 　　 1. Check whether the lubricating oil is insufficient, or the oil pipeline is blocked. If the oil is insufficient, the lubricating oil should be added in an appropriate amount; if the pipeline is blocked, the oil pipeline should be dredged. 　　 2. Check whether the lubricating oil is dirty or has deteriorated. In this regard, the filter should be cleaned and replaced with new oil. 　　 3. Check whether the friction surfaces of the moving ring and the fixed ring are pressed too tightly. The spring strength of the spring should be adjusted appropriately. 　　 4. Packing gland is too tight. The gland nut should be adjusted evenly to avoid over-tightening, causing the shaft seal oil temperature to be too high. 　　5. Check whether the main bearing assembly clearance is too small. In this regard, the gap should be adjusted appropriately.

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