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    An article to understand the centrifugal compressor

    An article to understand the centrifugal compressor With the rapid development of technology in my country's air compression industry, air compressors have greatly improved in structural layout and functional form. Centrifugal air compressors have become a new generation of air compression equipment. Since the petrochemical industry has insufficient grasp of the principles of centrifugal compressors, there is a risk of equipment failure in actual production control. Detailed analysis of the causes and processing methods of centrifugal compressor failures has a guiding role in the automatic scheduling of mechanical equipment. Compressors are divided from different angles, and the categories that can be divided are diverse. According to the form of the compressor, it is divided into fixed, mobile, closed and other categories. Centrifugal compressor is one of the most commonly used equipment. Intuitive understanding of the working principle of centrifugal compressor 1.1 Principle The centrifugal air compressor belongs to the speed type compressor. When the gas load is stable, the centrifugal air compressor works stable and reliable. The centrifugal air compressor is driven by the impeller to rotate the gas at high speed, which causes the gas to generate centrifugal force. Due to the diffused flow of the gas in the impeller, the flow rate and pressure of the gas passing through the impeller are increased, and compressed air is continuously produced. According to this principle, the centrifugal compressor can provide sufficient air pressure in the mechanical transmission system, promote the effective linkage between the mechanical components, and provide reliable power for the operation of the external link device. 1.2 Features For the compressors used in the early days, not only the component structure of the centrifugal compressor has been simplified and improved, but also the overall structural layout of the compressor is more suitable for the operation function of the equipment. At present, centrifugal compressors are assembled by using one or more than two rotating impellers, which accelerates the speed of gas flow, which is very helpful for gas pressure control. According to the use situation, the centrifugal air compressor has stable characteristics during gas pressure operation, and the degree of wear formed between the components is relatively light, which will not cause excessive wear on mechanical parts. These all contribute to the compressor gas operation speed. Improve, and improve the exhaust efficiency. 2 Operation failure and treatment In recent years, the application range of centrifugal air compressors in the chemical industry has been wider. This type of equipment not only provides protection for its own gas pressure regulation, but also provides enough gas pressure energy for compressor connection equipment, which in turn drives High efficiency operation of mechanical transmission system. The compressor uses the continuous flow of gas to convert the original mechanical energy of the motor. The working intensity of this process is affected by the working load of the mechanical equipment. In view of the continuous increase in the operating load of mechanical equipment in the chemical industry, the failure rate of centrifugal compressors has also increased significantly. 2.1 Sudden drop in oil pressure The reason for the sudden drop of the compressor oil pressure is more complicated, and there is a close relationship with the components of the unit. Dealing with this fault depends on the actual situation. Under normal circumstances, the oil pressure drop is related to the oil pump, oil pipe and other lubricating system oil pipes. To deal with this fault, pressure testing and treatment work must be done. For example, when the failure of the oil pump is reduced, the pressure is also reduced, and the oil pump should be checked in time to investigate the cause of the failure; when the failure is related to the oil pipe, the failure stems from the related rupture and causes leakage. The specific measure is to replace the new oil pipe. 2.2 Reduced gas outlet flow The main reason for the decrease in gas outlet flow rate is the filter and the sealing device. Improper control of these two components will reduce the gas flow rate and affect the normal function of the compressor equipment. Troubleshooting methods: First, the reduction of the air intake caused by the blockage of the gas filter is the main reason for the failure of the filter. The failure can be eliminated by cleaning the gas filter; second, the reason for the failure of the sealing device is the sealing gap Excessively large, causing leakage, the best solution is to replace the seal, or adjust it according to regulations. 2.3 The temperature of the cooler outlet is too high The temperature at the outlet of the gas cooler is greater than 60 ° C. The occurrence of this fault is related to the cooling water volume of the cooler and its cooling tube, flow rate, and the cooperation between the tube sheet and the tube. For example, the loose connection between the tube sheet and the tube or the rupture of the cooling tube cannot maintain the outlet temperature of the gas cooler, making it beyond the allowable range; the compressor operating pressure is too high, which increases the wear of the components and produces a significant temperature increase phenomenon. Specific treatment measures are to expand the loose tube with a tube expander, or block both ends of the damaged tube, and clean the core of the cooler. 2.4 Bearing temperature is too high Bearing is the core component of centrifugal compressor operation failure, which determines the operation efficiency of the whole equipment. Excessive bearing temperature is a common failure of compressor operation. The main performance of temperature faults: the diameter of the throttle ring of the oil inlet of the bearing is too small, and the oil intake is insufficient; the oil pressure of the lubrication system drops or the oil filter is blocked, and the oil intake is reduced; high. According to these fault phenomena, the actual treatment process needs to repair the lubrication system oil pump, oil pipe or clean the oil filter; adjust the water intake of the cooling water of the oil cooler; the diameter of the throttle ring of the oil inlet of the bearing is too small, the oil intake is insufficient, and appropriate increase Large orifice aperture; repair oil cooler, eliminate water leakage failure or replace with new oil. 2.5 Excessive bearing vibration The vibration load increases the bearing range of the bearing, and causes the breakdown and wear of the centrifugal air compressor structure, which is very harmful to the damage of the parts. The fault performance of bearing vibration load exceeding the standard: the dynamic balance accuracy of the rotor or the gearbox of the speed increaser is destroyed; the interference between the bearing cover and the back of the bearing pad is too small; the gear meshing is bad, the gear wear is serious or damaged. For this type of troubleshooting, the main method is to recalibrate the dynamic balance; scrape the horizontal face of the bearing cover or grind the adjustment gasket to ensure that the interference is 0.02 ~ 0.06mm; check the gear wear and recalibrate the difference between the large and small gears Parallelism, center distance and meshing area make it meet the requirements. 2.6 Poor cooling effect of the cooler The cooler is mainly used to adjust the stability of the internal temperature of the compressor, maintain a balanced temperature to create a superior compressor operating environment, and cooling failure failures affect the function of the entire equipment. Main failure performance: the cooling capacity of the gas cooler is reduced; the surface area of ​​the cooling pipe is fouled; the cooling pipe is broken or the coordination between the pipe and the tube sheet is loose. To deal with the cooler failure, you need to check the parts from many aspects, and focus on checking the amount of cooling water. The water flow rate in the cooler tube should be less than 2m / s; clean the core of the cooler; block both ends of the damaged tube or use a tube expander Tighten the loose tube. When necessary, the cooler installation process can be reselected to improve the cooling effect of the actual compressor operation and reduce the incidence of cooling failures. 3 Routine maintenance of centrifugal compressor Based on the background of industrial science and technology reform, many mechanical equipments have been promoted and applied in industrial production. Air compressors are responsible for converting mechanical energy into gas pressure energy, which facilitates the daily operation control of mechanical automatic control systems. On the one hand, regularly check the functional status of the mechanical system of the compressor, detect hidden troubles through equipment debugging methods, and do well in the handling of operational failures in advance; on the other hand, disassemble and inspect the main components such as bearings and coolers to determine whether the mechanical components There are problems such as wear and lubrication. Adding lubricating oil in time to improve the operating efficiency of the system; for some aging compressor equipment, new equipment or components can be replaced if necessary, which is also an effective way to prevent failures. 4 Conclusion The centrifugal air compressor optimizes and upgrades the traditional compressor structure, improves the conversion efficiency of the compressor to electromechanical energy, promotes the mechanical energy to generate more air pressure energy, and drives the automatic control of the chemical machinery equipment system. In view of the functional characteristics of centrifugal air compressors, enterprises must do a good job in troubleshooting such equipment, timely solve the risk of failures in the operation of the compressor, and reduce the functional damage caused by the failure to mechanical equipment. In addition to handling all kinds of faults in a timely manner, it is also necessary to regularly check and maintain compressor components to effectively prevent the failure rate of compressor operation.

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