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    20 core components of refrigeration and air conditioning

    20 core components of refrigeration and air conditioning 1. Compressor It is the core of the entire air conditioning system and the source of system power. The power of the entire air conditioner is provided by the compressor. Compressors According to the compression method, positive displacement compressors can be divided into two types: piston type and rotary type. Specifically: piston type, sliding vane type, screw type, scroll type, centrifugal type, rotor type. 2. Condenser The function is to cool the superheated steam of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor into a liquid or gas-liquid mixture. Can be divided into three types: water-cooled, air-cooled, water-air mixed cooling. Water-cooled condenser: The heat of the refrigerant in the condenser is taken away by the cooling water. The cooling water can flow through at once, or it can be recycled. When recycling, it is necessary to set up a cooling tower or cooling pool. Water-cooled condensers are divided into shell and tube, tube, plate, spiral plate and other types. Air-cooled condenser: The heat released by the refrigerant in the condenser is taken away by the air, and the refrigerant condenses in the tube. There are natural convection air-cooled condensers and forced convection air-cooled condensers in such condensers. Generally, air-cooled condensers are also called air-cooled condensers. Water and air combined cooling type: The heat released by the refrigerant in the condenser is taken away by the cooling water and air at the same time. When the cooling water is sprayed and evaporated outside the pipe, it absorbs the latent heat of vaporization to cool and condense the refrigerant in the pipe, so the water consumption less. 3. Evaporator The function is to use liquid low-temperature refrigerant to evaporate easily under low pressure, transform into vapor and absorb the heat of the cooled medium, to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. Types of evaporator: The evaporator is divided into two types of cooling liquid coolant, cooling air or other gases according to different cooling media. Cooling liquid refrigerant: There are water tank (immersion) evaporator (including vertical tube, spiral tube, snake type), plate evaporator, spiral plate evaporator, shell and tube evaporator (including horizontal evaporator) , Dry evaporator), etc. Among the cooling air evaporators: There are fin evaporators for air conditioning, air and air coolers (cooling fans) for freezing and refrigeration, and exhaust evaporators. 4. Throttling mechanism Throttle the high-pressure liquid coming out of the condenser to reduce the pressure, so that the liquid refrigerant vaporizes and absorbs heat at low pressure (low temperature). Therefore, it is an important component to maintain a high pressure in the condenser and a low pressure in the evaporator. The throttling components can be divided into capillary tubes and expansion valves according to the form. Capillary tubes are used in smaller refrigeration equipment. For example, the capillary tube installed between the condenser and the evaporator in a refrigerator is a kind of throttling mechanism. The expansion valve is used in larger refrigeration equipment. The throttle mechanism used in large and medium-sized devices is the throttle valve. There are three commonly used throttle valves, namely, manual expansion valve, float adjustment valve and thermal expansion valve. Two types are automatically adjusted throttles. Expansion valves can be divided into electronic expansion valves and thermal expansion valves according to the type of expansion. 5. Gas-liquid separator Installed at the inlet end of the compressor, it is mainly to prevent the low-pressure low-temperature steam returning to the compressor from carrying too many droplets, to prevent the liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor cylinder, to prevent liquid shock, and the separator also has filtration, oil return, and liquid storage Features. Pay attention to the use of gas-liquid separator: 1. As close to the compressor as possible; 2. In the reversing system, the gas-liquid separator should be installed between the reversing valve and the compressor; 3. Correctly install the inlet (from the evaporator) outlet (to the compressor suction port); 4. Must be installed upwards; 6. Fan The fan is a combination of AC single and three-phase induction motor and impeller. Fans are divided into axial fans and centrifugal fans. The fan includes two series of fixed speed and variable speed. Fans are divided into metal fan blades, plastic fan blades and metal pouring fan blades. There are many types of blades. 7. Reservoir The high-pressure accumulator (also called the accumulator) in the refrigeration system is installed between the condenser and the expansion valve. There are many types of accumulators, one-way and two-way; there are vertical and horizontal Points. Its function can be summarized in several aspects: Storage of condensate in the condenser: Avoid excessive accumulation of condensate in the condenser, which reduces the heat transfer area and affects the heat transfer effect of the condenser. Adapt to the demand of the evaporator's load changes for the supply volume: when the evaporation load increases, the supply volume also increases, which is replenished by the reservoir's liquid storage; when the load becomes smaller, the required liquid volume also becomes smaller, and the excess liquid is stored In the storage tank. As a liquid seal between the high and low pressure sides of the system: because the outlet pipe is inserted under the liquid surface, it can prevent the steam and non-condensable gas on the high pressure side from entering the low pressure side. At the same time, the reservoir also plays a role in filtering and silencing. 8. Oil separator Installed between the compressor and the condenser, its working principle is: the exhaust gas of the compressor is a mixed gas of refrigerant and lubricating oil, decelerating through the larger cavity of the oil separator, and the misty oil will gather On the impact surface, when large oil droplets are collected, they flow to the bottom of the oil separator and return to the compressor through the oil return device. 9. Gas-liquid separator The gas-liquid separator is installed at the inlet of the compressor. The gas-liquid separator prevents the compressor from being sucked into the liquid refrigerant to produce liquid shock and damage the compressor. 10. Dry filter The purpose of the filter is to prevent moisture or magazines in the refrigerant from entering the refrigeration system. When the high-temperature liquid coming out of the condenser enters the expansion valve, the temperature of the liquid will drop significantly, generally below zero degrees. At this time, if the system contains moisture, it will easily appear because the expansion valve passes through a small cross-section The phenomenon of ice blocking affects the normal operation of the system. 11. Four-way directional valve The four-way reversing valve is suitable for heat pump type air conditioning systems such as central air conditioners and unit air conditioners. It is used to switch the circulation path of the refrigerant to achieve the purpose of cooling and heating. 12. Water pump It is a tool for accelerating the flow of water to achieve the effect of enhancing the heat exchange of water in the heat exchanger. 13. For water flow switch It is used to control the flow of fluid in the pipeline or to protect the flow. When the flow of fluid reaches the set value, the switch automatically cuts off (or connects) the circuit. 14. Pressure controller The pressure controller is used for pressure control and pressure protection. The unit has low pressure and high pressure controllers to control the working range of the system pressure. When the system pressure reaches the set value, the switch automatically cuts off (or connects) the circuit. 15. Differential pressure controller It is used to control the pressure difference. When the pressure difference reaches the set value, the switch automatically cuts off (or connects) the circuit. 16. Temperature controller Used as control or protection of the unit, when the temperature reaches the set value, the switch automatically cuts off (or connects) the circuit. The temperature control is commonly used, and the temperature of the water tank is used to control the start and stop of the unit. There are some things like antifreeze that require a temperature controller. 17. Sight glass Sight glass is used to indicate: The condition of the refrigerant in the liquid pipeline in the refrigeration device; The water content in the refrigerant; The flow of lubricating oil from the oil separator in the oil return line. Some sight glasses have an indicator that indicates the water content in the refrigerant by changing its color. (Green means dry, yellow means wet). 18. Solenoid valve Solenoid valve is a shut-off valve that automatically switches on and off by electromagnetic force. In refrigeration and air conditioning devices, solenoid valves are commonly used to control the refrigerant in the system. It can be applied to various gases, liquid refrigerants, lubricants and other media. 19. Expansion water tank The role of expansion tank: The volume of water changes due to temperature changes. The expansion tank is used to store this part of expansion water; It plays the role of constant pressure and constant pressure to the system. It can compensate the system for part of the water. 20. Cooling tower A cooling tower is a device that uses water as a circulating coolant to absorb heat from a system and discharge it into the atmosphere to reduce the water temperature. Its cooling is to use water and air to flow and exchange heat and generate steam. The steam volatilization takes away heat to achieve evaporative heat dissipation, convection heat transfer and radiant heat transfer to dissipate the residual heat generated in the refrigeration and air conditioning to reduce the water temperature. In order to ensure the normal operation of the system, the device is generally barrel-shaped, so it is called the cooling tower.

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